Project 008

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  • LED or E-paper tape that display text or graphical information and are liberally dispensed/applied to the surrounding environment and objects.
  • Distributed ambient displays: Turn any surface into an ambient display!
  • A simple platform that allows you to annotate your physical environment.
  • Duration: 2008/7/16 ~ TBD


Contents

[edit] Concept

[edit] Observation

  • Based on the appeal and affordances of real-world duct tapes, ribbons and stickers
Tapes as informational, expressive canvas and construction material

Labeling objects

Wearables with unlimited possiblities

Temporary measure

Wallets and patterned objects (from Etsy.com)

Tape as clay, sculpting

Graphical packing tapes

Police Line, perimiters

Campaign message, straps, ribbons

Guerrilla art on street

Packing and labeling

Message display

Price tag, some are scannable



[edit] Sketches

  • Brainstorm
Image:Project-008-Concept1.jpg



[edit] Basic Workflow

  1. Tape piece gets assigned with content through the dispenser UI
  2. once the graphical content is displayed, the tape piece is disconnected from the dispenser.
  3. piece is dispensed, applied on walls, boxes, parameters, objects, glows with graphics or short text
Image:Project-008-Concept2.jpg



[edit] Additional Features

  1. you use the dispenser to update the content of an already applied tape piece
  2. copy paste content from one piece to another piece
  3. connect two pieces to act like one.
  4. Would be great if they are wirelessly connected to the internet and display search query results or image results in pixelart form
Image:Project-008-Concept3.jpg

[edit] Abstract

tba


[edit] Merits

[edit] Starting Point

tba

[edit] Conceptual Leap

tba

[edit] Appeal and Practicality

tba


[edit] Related Projects and Publications

[edit] Usage

  • Segment Tags from ITP: Allowing the personalization of an environment through the use of interactive displays.


[edit] Aesthetics

  • Issey Miyake's APOC: overlength sweaters, dresses off the roll - 'a-poc' is based upon miyake's first design concept, a piece of cloth, is a new and unique suggestion for everyday life, which goes far beyond the

boundaries of fashion. it is made using an industrial knitting or weaving machine programed by a computer. this process creates continuous tubes of fabric within which lie both shape and pattern. the customer cuts sleeves and skirts exactly to the length he wants. it is an idea that totally overthrows the existing standards for making clothes.



[edit] Tech

  • Animated Textiles by Barbara Lane: http://subtela.hexagram.ca/blog/?page_id=5 This project involves the creation of dynamic textiles by integrating Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and electronic circuitry into the structure of hand woven fabrics... A Wearable Wireless System will include a remote, wireless component that will enable cloth and clothing to present real-time data input from a variety of sources... Natural fibres and cloth can be manipulated at any level of production to have the potential to become techno textiles. Conductive fibers can be carded (brushed) and spun, or plyed along with traditional materials to create conductive threads. These threads can be made into cloth through techniques of weaving, knitting, felting, etc. On existing fabrics, flexible circuits can be created by stitching with hand embroidery or by using a sewing machine. At subTela, we have also done successful experiments by embedding flexible circuitry into handmade paper. Any cloth or flexible substrate can become a dynamic electronic fabric. The primary problems in dealing with soft technologies are in developing robust connections and using lightweight, portable energy sources. As the field is so new, there are many innovative solutions being used to resolve these issues.
  • Sculpted Computational Objects, with Smart and Active Computing Materials Orth, M. Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, (May, 2001). http://www.ifmachines.com/tech_pubs.html
  • Soft Computation Through Conductive Textiles -- Berzowska, J. and Bromley, M. in the proceedings of the International Foundation of Fashion Technology Institutes Conference, 2007 (IFFTI '07): The Animated Quilt is constructed out of ten strips of ten “pixels”. Each pixel consists of (1) a cotton base, (2) two highly conductive connection electrodes on opposite sides of the pixel, made out of metallic silver organza, that serve to deliver power to the pixel, and (3) an embroidered pattern linking the two electrodes, made of the resistive thread, used for generating the resistive heating. The mechanical and electrical connection points between the thread and the organza are reinforced with conductive epoxy. The pixel is then overprinted with thermochromic ink.


[edit] Application Scenarios

  • Residential and commercial decoration
  • Storage system that displays box content
  • Storefront messaging
  • Retail environment: Simultaneously update all sticker prices


[edit] Technical Reference

[edit] LED Matrix

[edit] Pros

  • Visual appeal for early versions
  • Simple text and pixelated icons

[edit] Cons

  • Bulky and complex wiring

[edit] Tryout

Schematics: Wiring a single Red/Green LED matrix to Arduino via MAX7219

Wiring single R/G LED matrix to Arduino with MAX7219
Wiring single R/G LED matrix to Arduino with MAX7219
Wired circuit, with and without the LED matrix
Wired circuit, with and without the LED matrix

Video: Displaying "HI!"

Video: The visual effect is quite pleasing


[edit] Text, Fonts and Graphics

Design Your Own

Fonts I like
Fonts I like
  • How to control a LED matrix using a parallel port (source and schematic included) - link
  • Jon Bennett wrote a VB software to display text - link >> Flash app, or Web app for iPhone?
I can write an app like this in Flash or HTML?
I can write an app like this in Flash or HTML?


[edit] Driving Hundreds of LEDs


[edit] Flexible Strip with Surface Mount or Regular LEDs

Intro

Tools & Parts

Flexible Circuits

Controlling Many LEDs

Fabric Circuits

[edit] Pros

  • Thin enough to be mounted into a flexible circuit boards, rollable.
  • Very small, can make narrow tapes like 1/2" with more pixels
  • Can be sewn with a fairly large gap (1" x 1") and still be visibly clear
1" by 1" placing of surface LEDs by Leah Buechley
1" by 1" placing of surface LEDs by Leah Buechley


[edit] 4D OLED

[edit] Pros

  • Freeform graphics
  • Better on power consumption than an LED matrix
  • Won't likely need to buy stamps since they have integrated microcontrollers expecting serial comms.
  • High-res enough to show some great messages, with an SD card to allow for images too.

[edit] Cons

  • Cost $90 for 1.5"


[edit] E-Ink and E-Paper


[edit] Cool Tricks and Features

  • Mid-air floating magic wand clock: Using Persistence of Vision. The display is virtual, being made of 25 columns of 7 LEDs each. Only one column is shown at a time, right to left. The circuit is based on a PIC16F84 micro, a 32768 Hz crystal watch salvaged from a dead watch 8 resistors, two capacitors and two AA or AAA batteries, and 7 LEDs.
  • 3D LED cube: Using Charlieplexing
  • LED Throwies: Very cheap, throw balls of LED to a wall to stick


[edit] RFIDs

How Stuff Works: RFID

  • Data­ stored within an RFID tag's microchip waits to be read.
  • The tag's antenna receives electromagnetic energy from an RFID reader's antenna.
  • Using power from its internal battery or power harvested from the reader's electromagnetic field, the tag sends radio waves back to the reader.
  • ­The reader picks up the tag's radio waves and interprets the frequencies as meaningful data.

[edit] RFID Kits

[edit] Reading RFID Tags

Wiring

  • Arduino board and the Parallax kit from Radio Shack
  • Arduino Digital pin 8 to RFID TX (S-Out)
  • Arduino GND to RFID GND
  • Arduino Digital pin 2 to RFID enable
  • Arduino +5V to RFID Vcc pin.


Arduino Code

Second code block from this page 

// Modified by Worapoht K.
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

int  val = 0; 
char code[10]; 
int bytesread = 0; 

#define rxPin 8
#define txPin 9
// RFID reader SOUT pin connected to Serial RX pin at 2400bps to pin8

void setup()
{ 
  Serial.begin(9600);  // Hardware serial for Monitor 9600bps

  pinMode(2,OUTPUT);       // Set digital pin 2 as OUTPUT to connect it to the RFID /ENABLE pin 
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);    // Activate the RFID reader 
}


void loop()
{ 
  SoftwareSerial RFID = SoftwareSerial(rxPin,txPin); 
  RFID.begin(2400);

  if((val = RFID.read()) == 10)
  {   // check for header 
    bytesread = 0; 
    while(bytesread<10)
    {  // read 10 digit code 
      val = RFID.read(); 
      if((val == 10)||(val == 13))
      {  // if header or stop bytes before the 10 digit reading 
        break;                       // stop reading 
      } 
      code[bytesread] = val;         // add the digit           
      bytesread++;                   // ready to read next digit  
    } 

    if(bytesread == 10)
    {  // if 10 digit read is complete 
      Serial.print("TAG code is: ");   // possibly a good TAG 
      Serial.println(code);            // print the TAG code 
    }
    bytesread = 0; 
    delay(500);                       // wait for a second
  } 
}


Read Serial Output

  • serproxy.cfg (make sure serproxy program is in the same directory): 
# Config file for serproxy
# See serproxy's README file for documentation

# Transform newlines coming from the serial port into nils
# true (e.g. if using Flash) or false
newlines_to_nils=true

# Comm ports used
comm_ports=1
#2,3,4

# Default settings
comm_baud=9600
comm_databits=8
comm_stopbits=1
comm_parity=none

# Idle time out in seconds
timeout=300


serial_device1=/dev/cu.usbserial-A4001lbh
# Port 1 settings (ttyS0)
net_port1=5331

# Port 2 settings (ttyS1)
#net_port2=5332

# Port 3 settings (ttyS2)
#net_port3=5333

# Port 4 settings (ttyS3)
#net_port4=5334


Run

From Terminal window 1: 

./serproxy serproxy.cfg

In the second window: 

telnet localhost 5331

Then move the tag close to the reader.

Reading looks like:


[edit] Small RFID Tags

Picture by Ti.mo on flickr
Picture by Ti.mo on flickr


[edit] General




[edit] Prototyping

  • Version A:
    • Fabric, MAX multiplexer required
    • LEDs sewn to a fabric with conductive thread in 5x7 matrix configuration (4 matrices total) > Matrices are controlled by MAX6953 > MAX is connected to Arduino LilyPad, powered by a 3v coin cell battery > Given signal from USB link and then disconnected.
  • Version B:
    • Flex circuit PCB, no MAX?


[edit] Version A

Surface mount (SMT) LEDs sewn to fabric just like four 5x7 matrices, controlled by MAX multiplexer and Arduino Lilypad.


[edit] Dimensions


[edit] Handmade 5x7 Matrix

Parts

  • Breadboards
  • MAX6953
  • LEDs x 35
  • Arduino board
  • 3v-12v power adapter from RadioShack
LED Basics
LED Basics
Re-create LED matrix
Re-create LED matrix
  • Computer > Arduino USB Adapter > Arduino Stamp > MAX7219 > Custom LED Matrix
Wiring custom matrix
Wiring custom matrix

[edit] Disconnecting from the Computer

  • Arduino need to stay with the MAX and the LEDs (along with 3v power) in order to have animation.
  • If animation is not necessary, only MAX need to stay with the LEDs (along with 3v power).

How to Disconnect:

  1. Upload the program to Arduino Stamp as usual
  2. Disconnect the 5V and Ground wires between Arduino USB adapter and Arduino Stamp
  3. Supply Arduino Stamp with an external (5v or less) power - Battery or power adapter
Upload the program as usual
Upload the program as usual
Disconnect USB power and supply external power
Disconnect USB power and supply external power
LED matrix is running without the computer
LED matrix is running without the computer

[edit] Drive Multiple Matrices with One MAX6953 and Arduino

  • MAX7219 can each control one 8x8 matrix; MAX6953 can each control up to four 5x7 matrices.
  • Use two 8x8 matrices (utilizing only 5x7 of each), learn how to control two or more matrices with MAX6953.


[edit] SMT LED on Fabric Look Test

Tiny surface mount LED
Tiny surface mount LED
Crimp beads, two colors
Crimp beads, two colors
Crimp beads soldered to an LED
Crimp beads soldered to an LED
Connected to MAX7219 and Arduino Stamp with 3V external power
Connected to MAX7219 and Arduino Stamp with 3V external power

Blinking video:

[edit] Lilypad Basics

  • Drive 4 SMT LEDs using Lilypad and conductive thread

[edit] Sew on Fabric

[edit] Parts

See Leah Buechley's Turn Signal Jacket ingredients: link

[edit] Schematics

Circuit diagram TBD

[edit] Distilling a Framework

Bottom up thinking based on the project progress and observation

[edit] What Makes TUI "Practical?"

[edit] What Makes TUI "Appealing" to End Users?

[edit] What Makes TUI "Scalable?"

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